La sardana segons Joaquín Turina

L'article relaciona Joaquín Turina amb Catalunya. Per una banda, corrobora l'existència d'una revisió del concepte de sardana deslligat pròpiament de la cobla i consolidat en altres ambients musicals com el simfònic o el de la música de cambra. Per altra banda, exposa el punt de vista del compositor vers la sardana i la cobla. A partir de l'anàlisi de «Sardana» de Joaquín Turina, es demostra fins a quin punt la visió crítica d'un compositor pot quedar plasmada en la visió creativa de la seva obra.This paper relates Joaquín Turina to Catalonia. On the one hand, it confirms the existence of a review of the sardana concept, properly separated from the cobla and consolidated in other musical areas such as symphonic music and chamber music. On the other hand, it presents the composer's point of view regarding the sardana and the cobla. From an analysis of Turina's «Sardana», we show the extent to which a composer's critical vision can be reflected in the creative vision of his work

Pudica, potens, atrox: caracterització de dones al poder a les fonts primàries

Aquest treball tracta la representació a les fonts primàries de dones que exercien el poder indirectament. Després d'una aproximació al context històric i social i a les fonts, s'analitza la vida de Lívia, Agripina la Menor i Agripina la Major i el lèxic que s'utilitzava per descriure-les. Per veure si la caracterització de les dones al poder canvia al llarg dels segles, es fa una comparació amb tres reines medievals angleses: Elionor d'Aquitània, Isabel de França i Elisabet Woodville

A new estimation of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen budget using atmospheric observations and variational inversion

This paper presents an analysis of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) budget with a particular focus on soil uptake and European surface emissions. A variational inversion scheme is combined with observations from the RAMCES and EUROHYDROS atmospheric networks, which include continuous measurements performed between mid-2006 and mid-2009. Net H2 surface flux, then deposition velocity and surface emissions and finally, deposition velocity, biomass burning, anthropogenic and N2 fixation-related emissions were simultaneously inverted in several scenarios. These scenarios have focused on the sensibility of the soil uptake value to different spatio-temporal distributions. The range of variations of these diverse inversion sets generate an estimate of the uncertainty for each term of the H2 budget. The net H2 flux per region (High Northern Hemisphere, Tropics and High Southern Hemisphere) varies between −8 and +8 Tg yr−1. The best inversion in terms of fit to the observations combines updated prior surface emissions and a soil deposition velocity map that is based on bottom-up and top-down estimations. Our estimate of global H2 soil uptake is −59±9 Tg yr−1. Forty per cent of this uptake is located in the High Northern Hemisphere and 55% is located in the Tropics. In terms of surface emissions, seasonality is mainly driven by biomass burning emissions. The inferred European anthropogenic emissions are consistent with independent H2 emissions estimated using a H2/CO mass ratio of 0.034 and CO emissions within the range of their respective uncertainties. Additional constraints, such as isotopic measurements would be needed to infer a more robust partition of H2 sources and sinks

Conveni de la Ruta del Modernisme per a les visites guiades a la Fundació Julio Muñoz Ramonet

Aprovat entre l'Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbà i la Qualitat de Vida i la Fundació Julio Muñoz Ramonet l'01-12-2023

Influences of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on top-down estimates of the global and regional methane budgets

The hydroxyl radical (OH), which is the dominant sink of methane (CH4), plays a key role in closing the global methane budget. Current top-down estimates of the global and regional CH4 budget using 3D models usually apply prescribed OH fields and attribute model–observation mismatches almost exclusively to CH4 emissions, leaving the uncertainties due to prescribed OH fields less quantified. Here, using a variational Bayesian inversion framework and the 3D chemical transport model LMDz, combined with 10 different OH fields derived from chemistry–climate models (Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative, or CCMI, experiment), we evaluate the influence of OH burden, spatial distribution, and temporal variations on the global and regional CH4 budget. The global tropospheric mean CH4-reaction-weighted [OH] ([OH]GM−CH4) ranges 10.3–16.3×105 molec cm−3 across 10 OH fields during the early 2000s, resulting in inversion-based global CH4 emissions between 518 and 757  Tg yr−1. The uncertainties in CH4 inversions induced by the different OH fields are similar to the CH4 emission range estimated by previous bottom-up syntheses and larger than the range reported by the top-down studies. The uncertainties in emissions induced by OH are largest over South America, corresponding to large inter-model differences of [OH] in this region. From the early to the late 2000s, the optimized CH4 emissions increased by 22±6  Tg yr−1 (17–30  Tg yr−1), of which ∼25  % (on average) offsets the 0.7  % (on average) increase in OH burden. If the CCMI models represent the OH trend properly over the 2000s, our results show that a higher increasing trend of CH4 emissions is needed to match the CH4 observations compared to the CH4 emission trend derived using constant OH. This study strengthens the importance of reaching a better representation of OH burden and of OH spatial and temporal distributions to reduce the uncertainties in the global and regional CH4 budgets

Country-scale greenhouse gas budgets using shipborne measurements: a case study for the UK and Ireland

We present a mass balance approach to estimate the seasonal and annual budgets of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) of the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and the Republic of Ireland from concentration measurements taken on a ferry along the east coast of the United Kingdom over a 3-year period (2015–2017). We estimate the annual emissions of CH4 to be 2.55±0.48 Tg, which is consistent with the combined 2.29 Tg reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by the individual countries. The net CO2 budget (i.e. including all anthropogenic and biogenic sources and sinks of CO2) is estimated at 881.0±125.8 Tg, with a net biogenic contribution of 458.7 Tg (taken as the difference between the estimated net emissions and the inventory value, which accounts for anthropogenic emissions only). The largest emissions for both gases were observed in a broad latitudinal band (52.5–54∘ N), which coincides with densely populated areas. The emissions of both gases were seasonal (maxima in winter and minima in summer), strongly correlated with natural gas usage and, to a lesser extent, also anti-correlated with mean air temperature. Methane emissions exhibited a statistically significant anti-correlation with air temperature at the seasonal timescale in the central region spanning 52.8–54.2∘ N, which hosts a relatively high density of waste treatment facilities. Methane emissions from landfills have been shown to sometimes increase with decreasing air temperature due to changes in the CH4-oxidising potential of the topsoil, and we speculate that the waste sector contributes significantly to the CH4 budget of this central region. This study brings independent verification of the emission budgets estimated using alternative products (e.g. mass balance budgets by aircraft measurements, inverse modelling, inventorying) and offers an opportunity to investigate the seasonality of these emissions, which is usually not possible

Análisis de la situación de partida para la transformación del entorno educativo y familiar mediante la alfabetización digital : prueba piloto en una escuela del sistema educativo andorrano

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la incorporación de ordenadores personales de uso individual de manera permanente en el aula y describe la situación de partida del cuanto al entorno familiar de los niños/as y su competencia TIC (Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación), con el objetivo de construir el marco a partir del cual se puede analizar, en una segunda fase, los cambios que se produzcan como influencia de la introducción de las TIC. El proyecto se desarrolla en dos aulas de primer ciclo de primera enseñanza (primaria) de la Escuela Andorrana (entre 6 y 8 años) y se obtiene una primera aproximación del uso potencial de las TIC en el entorno educativo.The present research analyse the incorporation of personal computers for individual use in the classroom and describe the initial situation in children’s family background and children’s digital skills, to build the framework where we could analyze in a second phase, the changes that occur as influenced by the introduction of ICT. The project is developed in two classrooms of a elementary school from Andorran education system (6 to 8 years old) and gives a first approximation of the potential use of ICT in educational settings

Quantifying the UK's carbon dioxide flux: An atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network

We present a method to derive atmosphericobservation-based estimates of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes at the national scale, demonstrated using data from a network of surface tall-tower sites across the UK and Ireland over the period 2013-2014. The inversion is carried out using simulations from a Lagrangian chemical transport model and an innovative hierarchical Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, which addresses some of the traditional problems faced by inverse modelling studies, such as subjectivity in the specification of model and prior uncertainties. Biospheric fluxes related to gross primary productivity and terrestrial ecosystem respiration are solved separately in the inversion and then combined a posteriori to determine net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 . Two different models, Data Assimilation Linked Ecosystem Carbon (DALEC) and Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), provide prior estimates for these fluxes. We carry out separate inversions to assess the impact of these different priors on the posterior flux estimates and evaluate the differences between the prior and posterior estimates in terms of missing model components. The Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) is used to relate fluxes to the measurements taken across the regional network. Posterior CO2 estimates from the two inversions agree within estimated uncertainties, despite large differences in the prior fluxes from the different models. With our method, averaging results from 2013 and 2014, we find a total annual net biospheric flux for the UK of 8±79 TgCO 2 yr -1 (DALEC prior) and 64±85 TgCO 2 yr -1 (JULES prior), where negative values represent an uptake of CO 2 . These biospheric CO 2 estimates show that annual UK biospheric sources and sinks are roughly in balance. These annual mean estimates consistently indicate a greater net release of CO 2 than the prior estimates, which show much more pronounced uptake in summer months